Environmental and Health Implications of Natural Radioactivity in Industrial Soils

Abstract

Naturally occurring radioactive materials such as uranium-238 and radium-226 pose a potentially hazardous environmental and health risk due to their potential accumulation in soil and translocation into the food chain, air, and water. Their presence in industrial settings requires careful monitoring to assess radiation exposure levels. Adherence to international safety standards is essential to mitigate the associated health and environmental risks. The present study aims to evaluate the concentrations of uranium-238 and radium-226 in soil samples collected from brick factories in the Shomali area, south of Babylon, Iraq. Thirteen soil samples were collected and analyzed using the CR-39 solid state nuclear trace detector technique. The results showed that uranium-238 concentrations ranged between 5.90 ppm and 16.25 ppm, with an average of 12.70 ppm, exceeding the permissible limit recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (11.70 ppm) at several locations. Radium-226 concentrations ranged between 13.45 Bq/kg and 37.02 Bq/kg, with an average of 28.94 Bq/kg, which is generally within the internationally accepted limit of 35 Bq/kg, with the exception of one sample that exceeded this limit. The results also demonstrated a direct correlation between the high concentrations of uranium-238 and radium-226, given their interconnectedness in the radioactive decay chain of uranium. This study emphasizes the importance of conducting regular radiological examinations. It also emphasizes the need to adhere to occupational safety procedures, such as the use of personal protective equipment and ensuring the efficiency of ventilation systems. These measures help reduce risks not only to workers but also to residents living near these sites.