A Geomorphological Survey and Landscape Analysis of Anambra State Southeast Nigeria

Abstract

This paper looks at the terrain and landforms in Anambra State. The research used both primary and secondary data. Primary data used are measurements and direct field observations. Secondary data are from Satellite imageries of the State obtained and analyzed using ArcGIS to show the variations in the terrain and landforms of the study area, and other literature. The geology, topography and soil types of the State were identified, analyzed and mapped. The result shows among other things the relationship between soil type and settlement vis-à-vis population. The slope analysis was also carried out in order to identify areas with steep slopes that limit accessibility and other economic activities. The paper concludes that there is strong influence of the physical environment particularly, the geomorphological factor in determining the spatial pattern of socio-economic activities and development in Anambra State. A disproportionately high percentage of population (71.98%) as well as developmental activities and structures are found on the higher grounds, on the smaller sand – sandstone formations covering 36.42% of the State, leaving a very small percentage of population (28.02%) as well also as developmental activities and structures on the larger flood and other low plains covering 63.58% of the area. These disparities in population distribution as a result of gromorphological factors raises the issues of the need for the government and people of the State to employ new developmental ideas in the area of science and technology to overcome the limitations on the lower surfaces in other to attract settlers and balance population distribution in the State.