Effects of Daily Weather on Aedes Genus (Culicidae: Diptera) Arthropod Mosquito Vectors Profusion and Dengue Epidemics Transmission: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Dengue is a vector borne flavivirus usually caused by DENV1 virus, and a quantity of cases reported with DENV2, DENV3, and DENV4 viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera) day biting female vector mosquitoes, belongs to Culicidae family. The symptoms of dengue were first clinically confirmed in Japan during 1943, and later, it was recorded simultaneously in the Asia, Africa, and North America during the 1980. Dengue epidemics situation was reported in the 142 countries across the world Dengue and severe dengue, (Global Strategy for dengue prevention and control, (2012–2020), 2020) and the epidemics had been changed to endemic situation in many of the countries for the past 2 decades, and the people who have been living in the epidemic countries estimated at risk about 450 million. The occurrence of dengue outbreaks and it’s extend have been reported in the tropical and sub-tropical countries across the globe largely in metropolitan, small towns, and semi-urban settlements. The climate variables viz. temperature, relative humidity, saturation deficiency, and rainfall, are fuelled for conducing environment for the vector longevity, survival and also for dengue virus incubations in mosquitoes. Temperature ranges between > 21 and < 34, and relative humidity >70% and <90% has influence on the impact of variations on the vector survival, fecundity, fertility and longevity of female Aedes aegypti and flying capacity is reduced with temperature < 10 0C, and laying egg is reduced with increase of mean temperature >35 0C. Dengue epidemics clusters are directly correlated with abundance of Aedes species mosquitoes which are controlled by the annual average precipitation 300 mm to 1200 mm. The longitudinal dengue epidemics transmissions are mainly associated with monsoon and tend to have seasonal patterns, particularly, during and after the monsoon. Climatic factors are playing important role in the increase or decrease of vector mosquitoes as well as dengue epidemics. Therefore, the present study is addressed on the echelon of daily weather and seasonal change in climate condition and its control on the incidence of dengue outbreaks.