Effects of Aqueous Leaves Extracts of Individual and Polyherbal Formulated Ointments on Wound Healing with the Demonstration of Epitheliasation and Angiogenesis in Wounded Skin of Wistar Rats

Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of aqueous leaves extract of individual and polyherbal formulated ointments in wounded skin of wistar rats. Total of 45 healthy wistar rats were divided into 9 groups, with 5 rats in each. Group A negative control, wounded no treatment, group B positive control, wounded and treated with standard drug, group C test wounded treated with aqueous extract of A nilotica only, group D test wounded treated with aqueous leaves extract of A. vera only, group six E test group wounded and treated with aqueous leaves extract of C. procera only, group F test wounded treated with combinations of aqueous leaves extract of A. nilotica and A. vera, group G wounded treated with combinations of aqueous leaf extract of A. nilotica and C. procera, the group H wounded treated with aqueous leaves extract of aloe vera and C. procera and group I test wounded treated with aqueous leaves extract of  polyherbal formulation of A. nilotica, A. vera and C. procera. The result of the study showed that extracts of A. nilotica has better physical properties than other extracts with good bioactive compounds, The combination of the three extracts showed better significant histological findings than A. nilotica. There was normal expression of vascular endothelial growth factors gene in group treated with individual A. nilotica extract and in combination of the three extracts. Similar results were also observed in expression of transforming growth factor gene bete-1 and Collagen type 1 alpha 1 gene. The aqueous leaves extract of Acacia nilotica, Aloe vera and Calotropis procera shows very good physical characteristics and presence of secondary metabolites such as Fumaric Acid (FA), Citric Acid (CA), Succinic Acid (SA), and Malic Acid (MA) that possessed wound healing effect. Conclusion the research showed regeneration of epithelia (proliferation of keratinocytes), new blood vessels, collagen fibres and elastic fibres deposition in groups treated with aqueous leaves extract of Acacia nilotica formulated ointments and in combination of the three extracts of the studied sections. The combinations of the three extract ointments possesses potential to cause high expression of the three genes studied.