Investigation of Bacterial Occurrence in Environmental Sources (Sewage and Industrial Effluents) and Analysis of Their Multi-Metal Resistance Profiles

Abstract

The increasing discharge of sewage and industrial effluents in Ghaziabad (Delhi NCR) into the environment (i.e., water, air, and soil) has led to the accumulation of heavy metals and other toxic pollutants mainly in water, creating selective pressure on aquatic microbial communities. This study investigates the occurrence of bacteria in such contaminated water sources and evaluates their capacity for multi-metal resistance. Bacterial isolates obtained from sewage and industrial effluent water samples were analyzed for their tolerance to commonly occurring heavy metals, including lead, Mercury, Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and copper. The results indicate a high prevalence of bacterial strains (i.e.E.coli) capable of surviving in metal-stressed conditions, with many exhibiting resistance to multiple metals simultaneously. Notably, this resistance is often associated with mechanisms that may also contribute to antibiotic resistance, raising concerns about potential public health risks. At the same time, the adaptive capabilities of these bacteria highlight their potential application in bioremediation strategies for polluted environments. This study underscores the importance of monitoring resistant microbial populations in environmental sources (industrial effluents & municipal sewage) and developing sustainable approaches to manage contamination and limit the spread of resistance.