Evaluation of Passive Shading Strategies for Energy-efficient Public Buildings in Nigeria

Abstract

Energy efficiency and thermal comfort in public buildings are critical considerations, particularly in tropical climates like Nigeria's, where high solar radiation significantly impacts indoor temperatures and energy consumption. Shading devices, as passive design strategies, offer a sustainable solution by mitigating solar heat gain while enhancing occupant comfort and reducing cooling energy demands. This study evaluates shading devices tailored to Nigeria's unique public building needs, focusing on their environmental, economic, and architectural performance. The research explores three primary categories of shading devices: fixed systems (e.g., overhangs, fins, louvres), adjustable systems (e.g., operable blinds, retractable awnings), and natural systems (e.g., landscaping, green walls). By reviewing existing literature and analysing case studies from various Nigerian public buildings, the study identifies the most effective strategies tailored to local climatic conditions, cultural contexts, and construction practices. The research employed a mixed-method approach, integrating qualitative insights from case studies and quantitative data analysis. Findings reveal that fixed shading devices, when appropriately designed, are cost-effective and durable, making them widely used in institutional settings. Adjustable systems offer superior flexibility and efficiency but are often limited by higher costs and maintenance challenges. Natural shading solutions provide aesthetic and environmental benefits but require careful integration with architectural design to maximise their potential. The study highlights the importance of early-stage integration of shading strategies into building designs to achieve optimal results. It also emphasises the need for policy incentives, awareness campaigns, and training programs to encourage the adoption of sustainable shading technologies in Nigeria’s public buildings. Ultimately, this research contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable architecture, advocating for shading devices as pivotal elements in achieving energy-efficient and climate-resilient public infrastructure.