A Survey of Household Water Supply Accessibility and Residents' Perception in Awotan Asunle, Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Access to safe and reliable drinking water remains a significant challenge in many developing countries, particularly in rapidly expanding urban and peri-urban communities. This study assessed household water supply, accessibility, and user perception in Awotan Asunle, Ibadan, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, and data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to residents within the study area. The Yamane (1967) formula was used to determine a representative sample size from the estimated household population. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented through tables and charts to evaluate water availability, accessibility, household satisfaction, water usage patterns, perceived water quality, and treatment practices. The study involved responses from selected households within the community. The results show that groundwater sources, mainly boreholes and hand-dug wells, constitute the primary source of domestic water due to the absence of a reliable municipal water supply system. Although many households reported that water sources are physically accessible, only a small proportion indicated consistent water availability, highlighting the challenge of irregular supply. Daily water consumption among households was generally moderate and influenced by limited supply rather than actual demand. In addition, a considerable proportion of households do not treat their water before use, which may expose residents to potential health risks despite the general perception that groundwater is safe. The study therefore highlights the gap between water accessibility and reliability and emphasizes the need for improved water infrastructure, groundwater quality monitoring, and increased awareness of household water treatment practices. Addressing these challenges is essential for improving water security and supporting efforts toward achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6, which aims to ensure universal access to safe and affordable drinking water (WHO, 2017; UNICEF & WHO, 2021; UN-Water, 2021). The findings highlight the urgent need for improved water infrastructure and sustainable groundwater management in rapidly growing peri-urban communities.