Determination of Lead Concentration in Human Biological Samples

Abstract

Introduction: Metal induced toxicity is very well reported across the world. Metals like Lead, copper, cadmium, mercury, nickel, iron and arsenic can enters human body through air, dust, food,  beverages, ink and smoking, has negative impact on health. Lead does not have any nutritional value in the body even a small amount causes severe toxic effects to all forms of life. Objectives: Determination of lead concentration in human biological samples and impact of lead in blood on serum creatinine and hemoglobin. Methodology: The blood samples were analyzed using Lead care II analyzer for determining Lead concentration in blood. Totally 40 subjects were investigated among which 20 were taken as test group and 20 were taken as control for the period of 6 months. Results and Discussion: The results shows that the Lead concentration varies from 4.1 µg/dl to 19 µg/dl in test group and from 3.3 µg/dl to 12.9 µg/dl in control group, the two tailed spearman’s correlation coefficient is used to determine the relationship between serum creatinine and haemoglobin with blood Lead concentration, mean value of serum creatinine in test group is found to be 7.61 and the standard deviation is SD 3.84, similarly the mean value of control group is 1.06 and the standard deviation is found to be SD 0.19. The study revealed that the mean value of Haemoglobin is found to be 9.29, 13.37 and the SD 2.92, 0.68 for test and control respectively. Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between serum creatinine and Lead in blood which is statistically significant (0.001) and there is no correlation between lead in blood and haemoglobin.