Determinants of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV Patients in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Southeastern Nigeria

Abstract

Background: HIV has been a significant public health challenge in Nigeria since its discovery. Effective anti-retroviral treatment requires high adherence levels, which remains a significant challenge with important implications. Aim: To determine the factors influencing the compliance with anti-retroviral medication among HIV patients undergoing specialized treatment at a tertiary healthcare center in the South Eastern region of Nigeria. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among HIV/AIDS patients receiving specialized care at the HIV/AIDS Clinic of UNTH. Using systematic sampling, a probability-based sampling method was used to select 321 participants. Data collection was carried out using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire divided into four sections, designed to gather the vital information from the respondents. Results: The study of the 321 HIV patients that participated 85 were males and 236 were females with a mean age of 44.5 years and a modal age of 48years. Most respondents (78.2%) had a positive attitude toward ARTs, and the adherence rate was 62.3%, relatively high compared to other studies. Forgetfulness caused a third of missed doses, while transportation costs significantly impacted clinic attendance. Knowledge (p=0.005) and age (p=0.001) significantly influenced ART adherence, and age also correlated with attitudes toward ART (p=0.001). Conclusion: To improve ART adherence, consistent medication used should be encouraged. Targeted counseling for patients should encourage better health-seeking behaviors. Mechanisms should be put in place to help patients adhere to consistent medication.