Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) Test among Subjects in Rivers State of Nigeria

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is a significant public health concern in Nigeria, with varying prevalence across different regions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of MTB infection and its association with socio-demographic variables in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study involved 392 participants from three local government areas (LGAs): Eleme, Obio/Akpor, and PHALGA. The Acid Fast Bacilli test was used to detect MTB in sputum samples. Socio-demographic data, including age, sex, marital status, education, and occupation, were collected using a structured questionnaire. A stratified random sampling method was employed.  Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The overall prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was 0.8%. Analysis of socio-demographic variables revealed no significant associations with infection rates, as indicated by non-significant p-values of (p=0.266), (p=0.832), (p=0.730), (p=0.673), (p=0.925) for age, sex, education, occupation, and marital status respectively. The study challenges traditional assumptions about demographic vulnerability. This research provides critical insights into the epidemiology of TB in Rivers State. The low prevalence suggests improved healthcare access and awareness. However, larger, more representative studies with advanced diagnostic methods are recommended for a comprehensive understanding and targeted interventions for TB control in Rivers State.