Current Knowledge on the Pathogenesis of and Therapeutic Options against SARS-CoV-2: An Extensive Review of the Available Evidence

References (101)

1. 1 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus [DOI]
2. 2 A Novel Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme–Related Carboxypeptidase (ACE2) Converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin 1-9 [DOI]
3. 3 Chloroquine inhibits autophagic flux by decreasing autophagosome-lysosome fusion [DOI]
4. 4 Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread [DOI]
5. 5 Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings [DOI]
6. 6 Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses [DOI]
7. 7 Estimation of clinical trial success rates and related parameters [DOI]
8. 8 Coronavirus Susceptibility to the Antiviral Remdesivir (GS-5734) Is Mediated by the Viral Polymerase and the Proofreading Exoribonuclease [DOI]
9. 9 Approved Antiviral Drugs over the Past 50 Years [DOI]
10. 10 Use of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS patients in Hong Kong [DOI]
11. 11 Coronavirus Pathogenesis [DOI]
12. 12 Screening of an FDA-Approved Compound Library Identifies Four Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication in Cell Culture [DOI]
13. 13 Human Monoclonal Antibody Combination against SARS Coronavirus: Synergy and Coverage of Escape Mutants [DOI]
14. 14 A 193-Amino Acid Fragment of the SARS Coronavirus S Protein Efficiently Binds Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 [DOI]
15. 15 Convalescent Plasma Treatment Reduced Mortality in Patients With Severe Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Virus Infection [DOI]
16. 16 Meta-Analysis: Convalescent Blood Products for Spanish Influenza Pneumonia: A Future H5N1 Treatment? [DOI]
17. 17 Potent neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus by a human mAb to S1 protein that blocks receptor association [DOI]
18. 18 New insights into the antiviral effects of chloroquine [DOI]
19. 19 Host Factors in Coronavirus Replication [DOI]
20. 20 In vitro susceptibility of 10 clinical isolates of SARS coronavirus to selected antiviral compounds [DOI]
21. 21 Small molecules targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus [DOI]
22. 22 A Randomized, Controlled Trial of ZMapp for Ebola Virus Infection [DOI]
23. 23 Disappearance of Antibodies to SARS-Associated Coronavirus after Recovery [DOI]
24. 24 Treatment with Convalescent Plasma for Influenza A (H5N1) Infection [DOI]
25. 25 Clinicopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Findings of a Fatal Case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in the United Arab Emirates, April 2014 [DOI]
26. 26 Anti-malaria drug chloroquine is highly effective in treating avian influenza A H5N1 virus infection in an animal model [DOI]
27. 27 Challenges of Convalescent Plasma Infusion Therapy in Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus Infection: A Single Centre Experience [DOI]
28. 28 Animal toxicity and pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine sulfate [DOI]
29. 29 Potent cross-reactive neutralization of SARS coronavirus isolates by human monoclonal antibodies [DOI]
30. 30 IVIG-mediated effector functions in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases [DOI]
31. 31 Experience of using convalescent plasma for severe acute respiratory syndrome among healthcare workers in a Taiwan hospital [DOI]
32. 32 Dose refinements in long-term therapy of rheumatoid arthritis with antimalarials [DOI]
33. 33 Neutralization of Virus Infectivity by Antibodies: Old Problems in New Perspectives [DOI]
34. 34 Human Monoclonal Antibodies against Highly Conserved HR1 and HR2 Domains of the SARS-CoV Spike Protein Are More Broadly Neutralizing [DOI]
35. 35 Molecular and Biological Characterization of Human Monoclonal Antibodies Binding to the Spike and Nucleocapsid Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus [DOI]
36. 36 History of polio vaccination [DOI]
37. 37 Development and Characterization of a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Associated Coronavirus–Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody That Provides Effective Immunoprophylaxis in Mice [DOI]
38. 38 Transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI): a clinical review with emphasis on the critically ill [DOI]
39. 39 Hark back: Passive immunotherapy for influenza and other serious infections [DOI]
40. 40 Evaluation of convalescent whole blood for treating Ebola Virus Disease in Freetown, Sierra Leone [DOI]
41. 41 A human SARS-CoV neutralizing antibody against epitope on S2 protein [DOI]
42. 42 A recombinant baculovirus-expressed S glycoprotein vaccine elicits high titers of SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) neutralizing antibodies in mice [DOI]
43. 43 Neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus: target, mechanism of action, and therapeutic potential [DOI]
44. 44 Generation and characterization of human monoclonal neutralizing antibodies with distinct binding and sequence features against SARS coronavirus using XenoMouse® [DOI]
45. 45 Successful treatment of avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) infection using convalescent plasma [DOI]
46. 46 Genetic Heterogeneity and Risk of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [DOI]
47. 47 THE PROPHYLACTIC USE OF MEASLES CONVALESCENT SERUM [DOI]
48. 48 Use of Convalescent Measles Serum to Control Measles in a Preparatory School [DOI]
49. 49 Successful treatment of avian influenza with convalescent plasma.
50. 50 [Glucocorticoid-induced diabetes in severe acute respiratory syndrome: the impact of high dosage and duration of methylprednisolone therapy].
51. 51 Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China [DOI]
52. 52 A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019 [DOI]
53. 53 A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin [DOI]
54. 54 La certeza de lo impredecible: Cultura Educación y Sociedad en tiempos de COVID19
55. 55 A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China [DOI]
56. 56 Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding [DOI]
57. 57 Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1 [DOI]
58. 58 Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation [DOI]
59. 59 Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome [DOI]
60. 60 Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro [DOI]
61. 61 First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States [DOI]
62. 62 A Trial of Lopinavir–Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19 [DOI]
63. 63 RETRACTED: Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial [DOI]
64. 64 Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial [DOI]
65. 65 The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) — China, 2020 [DOI]
66. 66 Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19 [DOI]
67. 67 Evidence for Gastrointestinal Infection of SARS-CoV-2 [DOI]
68. 68 Treatment of 5 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 With Convalescent Plasma [DOI]
69. 69 Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection [DOI]
70. 70 A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version) [DOI]
71. 71 Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
72. 72 Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury [DOI]
73. 73 Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) [DOI]
74. 74 Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV [DOI]
75. 75 A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Ebola Virus Disease Therapeutics [DOI]
76. 76 Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody [DOI]
77. 77 Convalescent plasma as a potential therapy for COVID-19 [DOI]
78. 78 The antiviral compound remdesivir potently inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus [DOI]
79. 79 Understanding SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Inflammatory Responses: From Mechanisms to Potential Therapeutic Tools [DOI]
80. 80 Molecular Mechanism for Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Coronavirus Entry [DOI]
81. 81 Case of the Index Patient Who Caused Tertiary Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: the Application of Lopinavir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia Monitored by Quantitative RT-PCR [DOI]
82. 82 Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review [DOI]
83. 83 Clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for four cases with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia receiving combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment [DOI]
84. 84 Arbidol combined with LPV/r versus LPV/r alone against Corona Virus Disease 2019: A retrospective cohort study [DOI]
85. 85 Report on the Epidemiological Features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in the Republic of Korea from January 19 to March 2, 2020 [DOI]
86. 86 Safety and immunogenicity of an anti-Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus DNA vaccine: a phase 1, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation trial [DOI]
87. 87 Perspectives on therapeutic neutralizing antibodies against the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 [DOI]
88. 88 Recent Advances in the Vaccine Development Against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus [DOI]
89. 89 [Exploring the mechanism of liver enzyme abnormalities in patients with novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia]. [DOI]
90. 90 Could Intravenous Immunoglobulin Collected from Recovered Coronavirus Patients Protect against COVID-19 and Strengthen the Immune System of New Patients? [DOI]
91. 91 The course of clinical diagnosis and treatment of a case infected with coronavirus disease 2019 [DOI]
92. 92 In vitro susceptibility of 10 clinical isolates of SARS coronavirus to selected antiviral compounds [DOI]
93. 93 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [DOI]
94. 94 MUMPS: USE OF CONVALESCENT SERUM IN THE TREATMENT AND PROPHYLAXIS OF ORCHITIS [DOI]
95. 95 Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial [DOI]
96. 96 Cryo-EM Structure of the 2019-nCoV Spike in the Prefusion Conformation [DOI]
97. 97 ACE2 Expression in Kidney and Testis May Cause Kidney and Testis Damage After 2019-nCoV Infection [DOI]
98. 98 Cell Pyroptosis, a Potential Pathogenic Mechanism of 2019-nCoV Infection [DOI]
99. 99 Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody [DOI]
100. 100 The feasibility of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID- 19 patients: a pilot study [DOI]
101. 101 Potent cross-reactive neutralization of SARS coronavirus isolates by human monoclonal antibodies [DOI]

Cited by 8

Showing 4 of 8 known citations — external sources report more than can currently be individually listed.

Related research

• Covid-2019:“A Microbiological Monster” — shares topic coverage
• COVID 19 Disease Caused by Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) — shares topic coverage
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): What Can Africa Learn from Ongoing Research in Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Chemotherapy and Prevention? — shares topic coverage
• Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquine Accelerate Recovery of Outpatients with Mild/Moderate COVID-19 — shares topic coverage
• Early Treatment with Hydroxychloroquine Improves Clinical Outcomes and Reduces Hospital Admissions in COVID-19 Associated Pneumonia — shares topic coverage