CRISPR and Beyond: A Review of Genome Editing Technologies Transforming Silkworm (Bombyx mori) and Mulberry (Morus spp.) Research

Abstract

The integration of genome editing technologies, notably CRISPR/Cas systems, has transformed sericulture by allowing for precise and efficient genetic alterations in both Bombyx mori and Morus spp. Traditional breeding methods have played an important role in silkworm and mulberry advancement, although they are restricted in time, precision, and phenotypic reliance. Recent advances in genome editing have allowed for focused manipulations to improve silk quality, disease resistance, stress tolerance, and biomass output. This study examines the evolution and deployment of important genome editing tools such as ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas variants, focusing on their transformational impact in silkworm strain creation and mulberry feature improvement. It also investigates the use of many omics platforms (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) to drive precision editing and improve functional knowledge. Furthermore, the essay examines the technological challenges, regulatory frameworks, ethical issues, and biosafety problems that come with using altered organisms in sericulture. Looking ahead, developments like multiplex editing, DNA-free editing, and epigenome manipulation provide exciting opportunities for developing a robust, sustainable, and commercially viable sericulture sector.