Knowledge and Practices Regarding Self-management of Minor Discomforts among Antenatal Mothers at Selected Maternity Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy is a natural physiological process often accompanied by minor discomforts such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, heartburn, constipation, and insomnia. Although these conditions are not life-threatening, they can significantly affect the daily activities and overall well-being of antenatal mothers. Adequate knowledge and appropriate self-management practices are essential for minimising these discomforts and promoting maternal health. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices regarding self-management of minor discomforts among antenatal mothers and to determine the association between knowledge, practices, and selected socio-demographic variables. Methods: A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 100 antenatal mothers attending antenatal outpatient departments at a selected Government Maternity Hospital in Hyderabad, Telangana. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. Data were collected using a structured interview schedule comprising socio-demographic variables, a knowledge questionnaire, and a practice checklist. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square test, and correlation analysis, were used for data analysis. Results: The findings revealed that the majority of antenatal mothers (64%) had average knowledge regarding minor discomforts, while 18% had good knowledge and 18% had poor knowledge. Regarding self-management practices, 58% of participants demonstrated good practices, whereas 42% had poor practices. A statistically significant association was found between knowledge and educational status and gravida status, and between practices and education, gravida, and residence (p < 0.05). A moderate positive correlation (r = 0.62) was observed between knowledge and practices. Conclusion: The study concludes that antenatal mothers possess moderate knowledge and variable self-management practices regarding minor discomforts of pregnancy. Strengthening health education and counselling during antenatal care is essential to improve knowledge and promote effective self-care practices, thereby enhancing maternal comfort and well-being.