Consequences of Altered Body Image in Adolescents with Cancer: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Background: The diagnosis of cancer develops many challenges for adolescents. Changes associated with cancer treatment are considered stressful and impact negatively on adolescents' psychosocial status. Adaptation to body image changes is essential to the ultimate coping with cancer. Aim: This study aimed to present a narrative review of the literature regarding body image changes in adolescents with cancer and coping strategies. Methods: Searching for keywords was performed in various databases including CINAHL, PubMed Central, and EBESCO. Results: Altered appearance was appraised by adolescents as a threatening and upsetting issue that negatively influenced their lives. However, adolescents with cancer used many strategies to deal effectively with their changed appearance. These coping mechanisms included strategies for concealing signs, strategies for instilling hope, and strategies for gaining social support. Conclusion: Altered body image resulting from cancer and its treatment is the most distressing factor among adolescents with cancer. Medical staff should be trained and oriented about the physical and psychosocial impact of cancer on adolescents through continuous training and follow up programs. Nurses should give the opportunity for adolescents to express their own feelings and concerns about the effects of chemotherapy on their physical appearance.