Comparative Analysis of the Rhizospheric Microbiome of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Response to Dry Root Rot Disease

Abstract

India frequently experiences a variety of fungal-caused root rot and wilt illnesses affecting its groundnut and other crops. Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a significant crop that is grown all over the world for food and oil. due to its high oil content, presence of vital nutrients, proteins, and minerals, as well as its high dietary fibre content, it is an important oilseed crop in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and is ranked as the third most important food crop globally. The plant pathogens can also be managed by means of hostile microorganisms. Using next-generation sequencing technologies, a microbiome investigation of the groundnut rhizosphere associated with root rot disease was conducted. The aim of the study is to compare the microbiome of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) rhizosphere soil in relation to dry root rot disease. Groundnut variety GG-20 rhizosphere soil was gathered from several regions in Saurashtra, Gujarat, India. A total of five distinct collecting sites yielded fifty (50) samples. Five infected and five healthy samples were taken from each site. In the same way that five healthy samples were blended to create one sample, five diseased soil samples were combined to create one sample. Two samples would therefore be taken from each location of collection. Ten samples' worth of metagenomics provided 2.5 gigabytes of data, totalling 1,07,68,140 reads with a 233 bp mean length. A soil sample from the rhizosphere with Macrophomina phaseolina infection exhibits greater Alpha-diversity than the healthy soil sample. More than 60% of the variation in microbial communities between samples was explained by beta diversity at the family, genus, and species level community composition two axes. In healthy metagenomes, the four major phyla, Actinobacteria (20–40%), Proteobacteria (15–20%), Firmicutes (5–12%), and Bacteroidetes (1-3%), constituted the majority of the bacterial communities. The remaining 34-51% of the sequences were unclassified and originated from bacteria. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes are the four major phyla (frequency >3%) that accounted for more than 75% of the recovered sequences in each library. 136 genus OTU of bacteria that are prevalent in a healthy sample from five different places. 5 sites' worth of infected samples had bacteria belonging to the 168 genus OTU. The 43-gene OTU is only found in the healthy sample, while the 73-gene OTU is only present in the infected sample. The 342 genus OTU common means are common in both samples. There were 476 total species in the healthy sample and 533 in the infected sample. The microbiome of rhizosphere manipulation will be useful to control plant disease. microbiome Microbiome manipulated by adding of some beneficial microbes into the rhizosphere.