Comparative Analysis of Profitability of Semi-automated and Fully Automated Cassava Processing Technologies among Cassava Processors in Imo State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study analysed the comparative profitability of semi-automated and fully automated cassava processing technologies among cassava processors in Imo State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of processors, compare the profitability of the two processing technologies, and examine the constraints to adopting improved cassava processing technologies. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 60 cassava processors, comprising 50 semi-automated and 10 fully automated processors. Primary data were collected during the 2026 production season using a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, profitability analysis, the Challenge Severity Index, and the Mann–Whitney U test. The results showed that 76.0% of the semi-automated processors were male, compared with 60.0% of the fully automated processors. Mean ages were 54.1 years for semi-automated processors and 52.6 years for fully automated processors, while 70.0% and 80.0%, respectively, were married. Among semi-automated processors, 52.0% had attained secondary education, whereas 70.0% of fully automated processors had tertiary education. Semi-automated processors had a mean household size of six persons and 12.9 years of processing experience, while fully automated processors had a mean household size of seven persons and 12.3 years of processing experience. Access to credit was 6.0% among semi-automated processors and 80.0% among fully automated processors, while cooperative membership was 56.0% and 60.0%, respectively. Fully automated processors generated a net profit of ₦1,028,191.75, whereas semi-automated processors generated ₦684,384.37. Semi-automated processors had a return on investment of 1.78 and an operating ratio of 0.30, compared with 1.03 and 0.43, respectively, for fully automated processors. The Mann–Whitney U test showed no significant difference in profitability (Mann–Whitney U = 199.500, Z = −1.002, p = 0.316). Irregular power supply, high equipment purchasing costs, and lack of access to credit were major constraints among processors. The study concludes that both processing technologies are economically viable. Improved access to affordable finance, reliable electricity, equipment maintenance services, and essential processing infrastructure are recommended to enhance the sustainability and economic performance of cassava processing enterprises in Imo State.