Causes and Effects of Poor Health among Learners at Anninipan Elementary School as Basis for Intervention

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the causes and effects of poor health among learners at Anninipan Elementary School, a Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged Area (GIDA) in Flora, Apayao, Philippines, to inform the development of targeted health interventions. Methods: A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with Problem Tree Analysis as the primary data gathering tool. Participants included purposively selected parents, teachers, and students, ensuring a diversity of perspectives. Thematic analysis was conducted on the transcribed discussions to systematically categorize the root causes and effects of poor health among learners. Major Findings: The study revealed that poor health among learners is primarily driven by a combination of socioeconomic, behavioral, and environmental factors. Key causes include poverty, limited parental education, inadequate access to nutritious food and clean water, poor hygiene and sanitation practices, and behavioral issues such as social media addiction. These factors contribute to immediate health problems-malnutrition, increased vulnerability to communicable diseases, and poor personal hygiene-which, in turn, result in increased absenteeism, diminished academic performance, and reduced overall well-being. Environmental challenges and limited access to government health programs further exacerbate these issues. Conclusion: Poor health among learners at Anninipan Elementary School is rooted in complex, interrelated socioeconomic and behavioral factors that significantly impede academic achievement and well-being. Effective interventions must address these root causes through comprehensive, community-based health education, improved access to basic health services, and strengthened collaboration among stakeholders. The participatory approach used in this study underscores the importance of engaging the school community in designing sustainable health interventions tailored to the unique needs of GIDA schools.