Ethnomedicinal Plants Used in Maternity and Child Care: A comparative Case study in Southern, Central and North-eastern India

Abstract

Traditional practices and medicinal plants play a significant role in maternity and healthcare, particularly in tribal and indigenous communities. Modern lifestyles have introduced various challenges to maternity health, including nutritional deficiencies, hypertension, and many health concerns. The shift towards processed foods and decreased physical activity have contributed to an increased risk of anaemia, malnutrition of essential nutrients, and other complications. Mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety, are also prevalent among pregnant women and new mothers, often exacerbated by social isolation and lack of support. The present study explores and compares traditional maternity and child healthcare practices in Southern India (Karnataka, Kerala), Central India (Odisha) and Northeastern India (Manipur), illustrating cultural similarities and differences. Through semi-structured interviews with indigenous and tribal women, the research has been conducted to reveal intriguing insights into the beliefs and uses of wild foods and medicinal plants during various stages of maternity. The study documents the utilization of 40 medicinal plants, as well as the avoidance of certain plants and foods during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care. The findings demonstrate the diverse and resourceful use of medicinal plants in traditional maternity care, including their use to facilitate childbirth, support recovery, address health issues and preserve India’s rich traditional knowledge on maternity and child care for future generations. The results of this study could contribute to the development of holistic and sustainable approaches to maternal and child health, and promote the integration of traditional practices with modern healthcare systems.