Clinical and Histopathological Features of Irritant Contact Dermatitis in Dogs

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, clinical presentation, and histopathological characteristics of irritant contact dermatitis in dogs, with a focus on irritant-induced cases, and to identify common causative agents. Study Design: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted over a six-month period from February to July 2024 at the dermatology unit of Madras Veterinary College, Chennai. Methodology: Out of 4,972 dogs presented to the outpatient unit during the study period, dogs suspected to have contact dermatitis were selected. Detailed history, clinical examination, hematological and biochemical profiles, and histopathological evaluations were performed. Data on breed, age, coat type, exposure to potential irritants, and lesion distribution were recorded. Results: A total of 32 cases (0.64%) were diagnosed with irritant contact dermatitis. The condition was more prevalent in male dogs aged between 1–3 years and among medium-coated breeds. Common irritants included floor disinfectants (phenols, bleach), antiseptic solutions (chlorhexidine), shampoos, and fertilizers. Lesions primarily affected sparsely haired areas such as the abdomen, groin, paws, and axilla. Clinical signs included erythema, alopecia, scaling, and papulopustular eruptions. Hematological analysis showed stress leukograms; biochemistry revealed hypoalbuminemia and mild ALT elevation. Histopathology showed epidermal hyperplasia, parakeratosis, spongiosis, and dermal infiltration with mononuclear cells. Conclusion: Irritant contact dermatitis in dogs, presents with distinct clinical and histopathological features. A systematic approach involving exposure history, lesion distribution, and histopathology is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective management. Increased awareness among pet owners and veterinarians is key to prevention and early intervention