Knowledge and Perception of Obesity and Associated Comorbidities among Adolescents in Delta State, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Adolescent obesity is an increasing public health concern in Nigeria, driven by urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and changing dietary habits. Understanding adolescents’ knowledge and perception of obesity and its comorbidities is essential for developing effective health promotion strategies. Aim: To assess the knowledge and perception of obesity and its associated comorbidities among adolescents in Delta State, Nigeria, with a focus on urban-rural differences. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 954 in-school adolescents aged 10–19 years in urban and rural secondary schools in Delta State between February and October 2024. A multistage sampling technique was used. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire assessing socio-demographics, knowledge of obesity and key comorbidities (e.g., type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, asthma), perceptions of obesity determinants, and understanding of its causes and control. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, with Chi-square tests to determine associations (p < 0.05). Results: Overall, 62.1% of respondents had good knowledge of obesity and its comorbidities, with significantly higher awareness among urban adolescents (60.7%) than rural adolescents (53.2%) (p < 0.05). Only 17.1% showed a positive perception of obesity determinants, and 6.9% demonstrated good understanding of its causes and control. Significant urban-rural disparities were observed in both knowledge and perception levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Despite moderate knowledge, adolescents’ perceptions and understanding of obesity remain poor, particularly in rural areas. There is a pressing need for culturally tailored, school-based interventions to promote awareness and support healthy behaviors among Nigerian adolescents.