Biophysical and Socio-economic Impacts of Climate Change on Livelihood of Coastal Communities in Rivers State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigated the biophysical and socio-economic impacts of climate change on the livelihoods of coastal communities in Rivers State, Nigeria. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 100 households randomly selected from three purposively chosen coastal communities in Okrika Local Government Area. These communities were selected due to their reliance on fishing and agriculture and their vulnerability to climate change. A structured questionnaire was administered to assess climate change impacted on the biophysical, environment, the socio-economic livelihoods and adaptation strategies adopted by coastal communities. Data analysis was conducted using response frequencies and means. Findings reveal that climate change has significantly affected the biophysical environment, contributing to rising sea levels, flooding, erosion, irregular rainfall patterns, and pollution, all of which have disrupted ecosystems. The socio-economic impact includes displacement of livelihoods due to flooding, depletion of aquatic resources, destruction of farmlands, adverse health effects from pollution, and declining household incomes. To cope with biophysical adaptation strategies, community members employed mangrove restoration and afforestation as strategies. And to cope with socio-economic impacts, many coastal dwellers have diversified their sources of livelihood. The study thus recommended capacity building training on community-based climate adaptation strategies, investment in long-lasting flood defence infrastructure and also government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) should encourage alternative revenue-generating endeavours to lessen economic vulnerability in coastal communities in Rivers State.