Association of Various Factors and HIV Infection in Pregnancy: A Clinico- Epidemiological Review

Abstract

HIV infection among pregnant women has been on the rise, demanding efforts to prevent vertical transmission. This study analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HIV-positive pregnant women treated at the Hospital of Tropical Diseases of the Federal University of Tocantins between 2015 and 2019. Out of the 85 pregnant women analyzed, the majority were between 26 and 34 years old, with 37.64% completing high school. Most resided in Tocantins and had stable partners, with 44.11% unaware of their serological status. Women aged ≥25 years showed lower viral load detection. The majority already had HIV before prenatal care, but only 45.88% started follow-up in the first trimester. Treatment adherence was high, but 14.10% dropped out. The analysis highlighted the need for specific strategies for young pregnant women, emphasizing the importance of prenatal exams for early diagnosis and immediate treatment initiation, reducing vertical transmission. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) was crucial, although cases of dropout underscored the need for emotional support. The results reinforce the importance of health policies tailored to the needs of HIV-positive pregnant women, aiming to ensure a holistic and effective approach to this vulnerable population.