Association of Sleep Duration and Sleep Quality with Work Productivity among Bus Drivers

Abstract

Aims: Work productivity reflects a worker's ability to perform tasks optimally; inadequate sleep duration and poor sleep quality can lead to reduced concentration, mood changes, fatigue, and health issues that lower work productivity. This study aimed to assess the association of sleep duration and sleep quality with work productivity among bus drivers. Study Design: An analytical observational study with a quantitative cross-sectional design was conducted to evaluate the association of sleep duration and sleep quality with work productivity. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at a bus pool in Jakarta between 10 October and 28 November 2025. Methodology: A total of 100 participants aged 20–60 years participated in this study and were selected using consecutive non-random sampling. Sociodemographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire.  Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and work productivity was measured using the Stanford Presenteeism Scale. Data were analysed using the chi-square test, with a p-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Most participants were middle-aged (40–60 years; 54%), male (92%), had a high school education (87%), worked the morning-evening shift (65%), and had long service (67%). Poor sleep duration, poor sleep quality, and poor work productivity were observed in 50%, 22%, and 19% of participants, respectively. Significant associations were found between sleep duration and work productivity ( < 0.001) and between sleep quality and work productivity ( < 0.001). Conclusion: This study found associations of sleep duration and sleep quality with work productivity. Achieving sufficient sleep duration and good sleep quality, combined with improved shift scheduling, appropriate rest periods, and regular health check-ups, may help support work productivity.