Association between the Stages of Change according to the Transtheoretical Behavior Model and Obesity in Individuals Attending Primary Care in the State of Guanajuato

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a significant public health issue, marked by excessive adipose tissue accumulation, heightening the risk of numerous diseases. In Mexico, adult obesity rates surpass the global average. The Transtheoretical Model of Behavior, conceived by Prochaska and DiClemente, emphasizes individuals' readiness to alter behaviors, such as enhancing healthy food intake and physical activity—crucial for weight reduction. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the association between the stages of change in the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior and obesity prevalence in adults attending primary health care in Guanajuato. Study Design: An observational and cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in primary health care settings across the state of Guanajuato, Mexico, over a period of six months. Methodology: The study included a sample of 164 adults. Participants' Body Mass Index (BMI) and abdominal circumference were measured. A questionnaire was administered to determine their stage of change in the Transtheoretical Model: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. The association between these stages and obesity prevalence was analyzed. Results: There was a significant association between the maintenance stage and a lower prevalence of obesity. Participants in the maintenance stage exhibited lower BMI and consistent values compared to those in other stages. Additionally, barriers and facilitators to adopting and sustaining healthy behaviors were identified. Most participants were in the precontemplation and contemplation stages, indicating a need for continuous education and support to help them progress to more advanced stages of behavior change. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for developing personalized interventions based on the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior to enhance obesity prevention and treatment in primary care settings.