Assessment of Functional End Ranges of Lower Limb Joints in Positions Commonly Used for ADLs in India

Abstract

Background: In many countries of Asian continent, floor sitting is preferred instead of chair supported sitting. Indian population differs noticeably in its cultural practice and daily tasks which involves squatting and cross-legged sitting on the ground. Aim: The purpose of the study was to assess the functional end-ranges of the hip, knee and ankle joints in healthy Indian subjects in positions commonly used for ADLs in India which includes squatting and cross-legged sitting. Methods: 66 healthy subjects were recruited from rural and urban populations with age range 30-50 years. Joint ROM of the lower extremities was measured using Universal Goniometer. All the subjects were asked to acquire squat and cross legged positions which were graded. Results: Our results finding showed that the subjects in cross leg sitting grade 2 (independent CLS) had hip flexion ranges ≥1150, hip abduction ≥ 410, hip external rotation ≥ 420, ankle plantar flexion ≥ 460, p<0.005.  For squatting, grade 2 (independent squat) had hip flexion ranges ≥ 1130,p>0.005, Knee flexion ≥1200, p>0.005 and ankle dorsiflexion ≥150, p<0.005. Conclusion: From the results, it is suggested that squatting and cross-leg sitting multiple times a day can prevent the early closer of end ranges of the lower limbs.