Arguments against Federalism in Nepal: A Discussion on State Structure Reform

Abstract

Aims: This study critically examines the evolution of federalism in Nepal and its challenges within the country's diverse political, social, and ethnic landscape. The objective is to explore how political parties, ethnic groups, and indigenous communities differ in their perspectives on state restructuring and national unity. Study Design: Qualitative study. Place and Duration of Study: This study utilizes secondary data sources from library archives, academic articles, party manifestos, public speeches, and reports published over the past decade. Methodology: The study applies thematic analysis to secondary data, identifying recurring themes such as nationalism, ethnic identity, governance structures, and critiques of federalism. Sources include academic literature and public documents on political discourse in Nepal. Results: The study reveals that the debate on federalism is highly contested, particularly in terms of ethnic fragmentation, socio-economic risks, and national disintegration. Political opposition to federalism raises concerns about governance, ethnic relations, and national cohesion. Conclusion: Federalism in Nepal remains a complex and contested issue, with significant political and ethnic implications. The study highlights the need for more historical and cultural research to support federal restructuring based on identity, while addressing concerns about the risks posed to national unity and economic stability.