Anticancer and Antioxidant Effects of Parsley (Petroselinum sativum) and Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) Seed Oils against Chemically Induced Liver Cancer in Rats

Abstract

Parsley (Petroselinum sativum) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) seeds were used for production of seed oils used in the present study. Antioxidant and anticancer activities of Parsley and spinach seed oils (PSO and SSO respectively) against diethylnitrosamin (DENA)-induced liver carcinogenesis in male albino rats were investigated. Administration of DENA to rats showed significant increased in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in sera of rats. Significant decreases in plasma and tissues antioxidants as glutathione transferase (GSH-T), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-P), glutathione reductase (GSH-R) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were observed in DENA‑induced rat group. A marked reduction were observed in the levels of ALP, ALT and γ-GT in sera of rat groups given PSO and SSO seed oils as compared to DENA control rats groups, indicating protective effects of both seed oils against harmfull and toxicity of DENA. Significant decreases were observed in the levels of lipid peroxidase (LP) in sera of rats administered PSO and SSO seed oils compared to those of DENA control rats. Higher significant decrease in the level of LP was observed in sera of rats administered PSO seed oil more than those given SSO seed oil. PSO and SSO seed oils showed more effective for inhibiting DENA-induced liver cancer through evaluation and determination of tumor markers (CEA, CA19-9, CA15-3and CA125) in sera of DENA-induced liver carcinogenic rats groups compared versus carcinogenic control rat group. The present results showed the activity of antioxidant enzymes (GSH-T, GSH-P, GSH-R and SOD) were increased significantly in liver, kidney and heart of rat groups treated with PSO and SSO seed oils as compared to those of DENA control rat group. The most significant findings of the present study are the PSO and SSO seed oils have shown beneficial effect not only on liver cancer but also on antioxidant defense enzyme activities in DENA- induced liver carcinogenesis in rats as well as protect cell against DENA oxidative stress by antagonizing DENA toxicitys. According to these observations, the use of PSO and SSO seed oils can be recommended as antioxidant and anticancer agents for production of many types of inexpensive seed oils have shown beneficial effects in treatments and combating oxidative damages of liver carcinogenesis. The most findings of the present study are the possibility of produced many types of inexpensive seed oils, have shown beneficial effects on chemically induced liver cancer in rats. indicates both seeds could be used as food, food purposes, pharmaceutical and drugs for treatment of different diseases including cancer. Supplemented diets with parsley and spinach seeds containing antioxidant and treatment agents effectively used in the chemotherapeutic treatment of different cáncer types particularly liver cancer.