Analysis of Reported Cases of Lassa Fever in Plateau State and the Need for Strategic Action Plan

Abstract

Background: Lassa fever is a fatal haemorrhagic disease endemic in West Africa. Following the index case in Lassa, Nigeria in 1969, outbreaks of Lassa fever have become common in Nigeria. This study sought to review and document recent trends in Lassa related mortality in Plateau State. Methodology: We targeted the State Ministry of Health (SMoH) and tertiary hospitals in the State. Ethical approval was obtained from the SMoH and Plateau State Specialist Hospital (PSSH), Jos. Data on Lassa fever cases was obtained from the targeted health institutions and analysed using simple percentages. Results: Fifty nine suspected cases were reported within the period under review (2012-2014). Majority 48(81.3%) were from Northern Plateau, 5 (8.5%) from Central Plateau, 2(3.4%) from Southern Plateau while 4(6.8%) were from States bordering Plateau. Percentage mortality of cases in 2012, 2013 and 2014 stood at 70.0% (7/10), 36.4% (8/22) and 18.5% (5/27) respectively. Discussion: Although reported cases are on the rise, prompt administration of ribavirin by experienced health care workers may be responsible for the decline in mortality over the years. Improvement on intervention strategies, training, diagnostic facilities should continue to be prioritized.