Analysis of BCG Vaccination Coverage in Municipalities of Roraima, Brazil (2012-2021)

Abstract

The BCG vaccine (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin) prevents severe forms of tuberculosis and is administered in a single dose shortly after birth. This study assesses the importance of vaccine coverage in municipalities of Roraima State from 2012 to 2021, identifying factors associated with vaccination variables. It is a descriptive, exploratory study with a quantitative approach, using bibliographic research based on scientific articles available on Google Scholar, SciELO, and LILACS, with information on the BCG vaccine and tuberculosis. Analysis of annual epidemiology reports revealed inconsistencies in BCG coverage data, which did not meet national targets or match the number of live births. Differences between live births and doses administered were negative in 2013 (-1,409), 2019 (-120), 2020 (-1,029), and 2021 (-2,386), totaling -4,944 unstable doses, while in 2012, 2014–2018, doses exceeded births by +8,135. These inconsistencies are related to slow data migration from E-SUS to the National Immunization Program (PNI), registration errors, records by birth location rather than residence, data release delays during the COVID-19 pandemic, Venezuelan immigration without fixed residence, and reduced vaccine demand. The findings underscore the critical need for investing in robust and real-time health information systems to ensure accurate coverage assessment, which is fundamental for guiding effective public health policies and strengthening the overall effectiveness of vaccination programs.