Analysing Depressive Symptoms during Pregnancy Period: A Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Depression is a mental health disorder characterized by persistent sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities. During pregnancy, it is referred to as antenatal depression, which can impact both maternal and fetal health. Untreated prenatal depression can lead to complications during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as long-term emotional and behavioral issues in the child. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is widely used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms, and early diagnosis and treatment are important for managing this condition effectively. Aim: To analyze the prevalence of depressive symptoms during the pregnancy period. Objectives: • To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy. • To compare the prevalence of depressive symptoms across the first, second, and third trimesters. • To educate patients and caregivers about the prevention of depressive conditions during pregnancy. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out at NIMS Medicity, Thiruvananthapuram, over a 6-month period. A total of 138 pregnant women were assessed for depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Data was collected in a structured form and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 24. Result and Discussion: Out of the 138 participants, most were in the age group of 25-28 years. 52.7% had planned pregnancies, while 47.83% had unplanned pregnancies. 12.32% of the participants experienced obstetric complications such as thyroid issues, PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease), or IVF (In-vitro Fertilisation), while 87.68% did not. The classification of depression was based on the BDI score, and mild mood disturbance was most common (35.51%). 61.59% of the participants had depressive symptoms, with the highest incidence observed in the third trimester. Conclusion: This study highlighted the significant prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy. Factors such as age, unplanned pregnancies, trimester, and obstetric complications were found to influence the occurrence of depressive symptoms. The study underscores the importance of early detection and intervention for managing depression during pregnancy.