An Assessment of Multidrug Resistant Bacterial Status of Ogane-Aji River, Anyigba, Kogi State

Abstract

Surface aquifers can be useful for a variety of purposes, but they can also act as fomites. River water could be a major route of spread of disease causing and multidrug resistant bacteria. The multidrug resistance pattern of bacteria from the Ogane-Aji River was studied. The river water samples were collected at two different points namely, Point A (10 cm depth) and Point B (45 cm depth). Standard microbiological techniques were used to identify the bacterial isolate that was obtained. The disks agar diffusion method was used to examine the isolates for resistance to nine foreign antibiotics and 20 indigenous antibiotics.  These samples were analyzed by the most probable number (MPN) of which point B had more MPN index/ml (180) than point A which had 79 MPN/index/ml. The organisms most frequently isolated from the samples included those of the genera Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Streptococcus and Salmonella. Percentage resistance to all the foreign antibiotics by the isolates were obtained {Staphylococcus sp.(55.5%), Bacillus sp. (66.6%), Enterobacter sp.(77.8%), Streptococcus sp. (88.8%), Pseudomonas sp. (66.6%), E. coli, Klebsiella (77.8%), Streptococcus sp.(88.8%) and Salmonella sp. (88.8%) while percentage resistance to all the indigenous antibiotics were Staphylococcus sp.(30%), Streptococcus sp.(20%), Bacillus sp.(70%), Enterobacter sp. (60%), Pseudomonas (50%), E. coli (50%), Klebsiella (40%) and Salmonella (20%)}. It was discovered that every isolate was multidrug resistant. It is concerning for people's health that these organisms are present in this body of water, which is used for numerous things in the area. The river water could be a means whereby these etiologic agents and the multidrug resistance properties can spread through the population in contact with the river.