An Assessment of Anti-Diabetic Potentility of Ethanolic Extract of Andrographis paniculata in Alloxan Induced Rat Model

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common no communicable diseases in the world, and it is the fourth largest cause of death in the most developed countries. Plants have long been used as a source of medicine, and preclinical and clinical research has revealed that Andrographis paniculata possesses significant anti-diabetic capabilities. The historical and current condition of Andrographis paniculata study in terms of medicinal usage, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, toxicity profile, and therapeutic usage, in order to bridge the gap needing future research potential. Methods: We divided 50 rats into ten groups and used Alloxan to induce hyperglycaemia in rats, as well as an extract of Andrographis paniculata soaked in ethanol. Metformin is a common anti-diabetic medication that has been demonstrated to be effective at lowering blood sugar levels without causing hypoglycaemia. Pre- and postprandial blood glucose levels, as well as cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, and body weight, as well as liver and kidney functions, were used to measure anti-diabetic activity. Results and Discussion: When compared to controls, the purified leaves extract substantially (P<0.05) reduced blood glucose, triglyceride, Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), creatinine, urea, and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Serum cholesterol, on the other hand, showed no changes. Metformin had comparable impacts on these parameters. Anti-diabetic activity is demonstrated by the bioactive compounds andrographolide and 14-deoxy11-12-didehydroandrographolide. Conclusion: Active compounds from Andrographis paniculata exert a hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced rats. It was successful in decreasing blood glucose, triglyceride, and LDL levels. They had no effect on cholesterol levels, however, and more research is required to establish their mechanisms of action. According to the findings of the study, Andrographis paniculata leaf extract has high therapeutic potential for the treatment of diabetes.