Effect of Cattle Urine Application and Spray Frequencies on Okra Productivity and Soil Chemical Properties

Abstract

Aims: This research aimed to assess the impact of different doses of cattle urine and spraying frequencies on the growth, yield, and soil properties of okra, focusing on identifying optimal application practices. Study Design: The experiment was conducted using a two-factor factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with nine treatments comprising three ratios of cattle urine to water (1:5, 1:10, 1:15) and three spraying frequencies (one spray, two sprays, and three sprays). Each treatment was replicated three times. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out from April to July 2024 in Lamjung District, Nepal. Methodology: Growth parameters such as plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, pod diameter, pod length, and yield were recorded at 30, 45, and 60 days after sowing (DAS). Soil properties including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), pH, and organic matter content were analysed post-harvest. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate treatment effects. Results: The 1:5 urine-to-water ratio with three sprays significantly enhanced plant height (10.59 cm, 40.15 cm, 71.54 cm at 30, 45, and 60 DAS, respectively), stem diameter (1.4 cm, 1.71 cm, 2.61 cm), and the number of leaves (9.85, 20, 19.5). Pod diameter (1.76 cm), pod length (17.29 cm), and yield (0.98 kg/m²) were also highest in this treatment. Soil analysis revealed the 1:5 ratio with three sprays had the highest N, P, K, and organic matter content. Conclusion: The application of cattle urine at a 1:5 ratio with three sprays significantly improved okra growth, yield, and soil properties, making it a sustainable practice for enhancing agricultural productivity.