Agro-ecological Role of Earthworms (Oligochaetes) in Sustainable Agriculture and Nutrient Use Efficiency: A Review
Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International · pp. 1–18 · Published 1 May 2016
10.9734/JAERI/2016/24517Abstract
Earthworms which inhabit soils and litter layers in agro-ecosystems play significant roles that regulate soil ecosystem services supporting agriculture. Through their feeding, burrowing and casting activities, earthworms redistribute organic material within the soil, increases soil penetrability, and influence soil organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling. These activities modify plant root distribution, increase soil microbial activity and influence the supply of plant nutrients. Because earthworms respond quickly to land use changes, farm management practices affect their diversity, abundance and biomasses. While cultivation and use of acidic fertilizers and chemicals reduce earthworm numbers, management practices that enhance the supply of earthworm food such as fertilization and manure application increase their numbers. This article reviews the beneficial earthworm facilitated biotic interactions that enhance nutrient use efficiency in agro-ecosystems. First, earthworm identification, distribution, and ecology together with factors that determine their populations in agro-ecosystems are discussed. It shows that agricultural practices affect earthworms directly and that farm management can be manipulated to encourage practices that favour earthworms. Secondly, beneficial biotic initiated ecosystem services resulting from earthworm activities are presented highlighting the significant roles they play in influencing soil processes. Finally, the review ends with recommendations for future research. Overall, this review shows that earthworms are an important resource to be managed for nutrient use efficiency in agro-ecosystems. It also demonstrates the need for further research that links the physical, chemical and biological effects of earthworm activities to plant nutrient supply. It is necessary to develop suitable farm management practices that optimise these beneficial roles.
References (91)
- 1 Decomposition in Terrestrial Ecosystems [DOI]
- 2 Biology and Ecology of Earthworms [DOI]
- 3 Earthworms, their ecology and relationships with soils and land use
- 4 Soil invertebrates and ecosystem services [DOI]
- 5 Communities and Ecosystems: Linking the Aboveground and Belowground Components
- 6 Influence of lime, fertilizer and manure applications on soil organic matter content and soil physical conditions: a review [DOI]
- 7 Soil function in a changing world: the role of invertebrate ecosystem engineers
- 8 The feeding ecology of earthworms – A review [DOI]
- 9 The values of soil animals for conservation biology [DOI]
- 10 Ecosystem Consequences of Exotic Earthworm Invasion of North Temperate Forests [DOI]
- 11 Invasion of a deciduous forest by earthworms: Changes in soil chemistry, microflora, microarthropods and vegetation [DOI]
- 12 Soil biota accelerate decomposition in high‐elevation forests by specializing in the breakdown of litter produced by the plant species above them [DOI]
- 13 Soil structure, organic matter and earthworm activity in a comparison of cropping systems with contrasting tillage, rotations, fertilizer levels and manure use [DOI]
- 14 Microbial nitrogen transformations in earthworm burrows [DOI]
- 15 Functional shifts of grassland soil communities in response to soil warming [DOI]
- 16 Role of Earthworms in Soil Fertility Maintenance through the Production of Biogenic Structures [DOI]
- 17 Earthworm induced mineral weathering: Preliminary results [DOI]
- 18 Inefficiency of mustard extraction technique for assessing size and structure of earthworm communities in UK pasture [DOI]
- 19 Changes in soil physical properties under grazed pastures [DOI]
- 20 Effects of introduced earthworms on the productivity of New Zealand pastures [DOI]
- 21 Nitrogenous fertilizers and earthworm populations in agricultural soils [DOI]
- 22 Earthworms and soil fertility [DOI]
- 23 Earthworm activity affecting organic matter, aggregation and microbial activity in soils restored after opencast mining for coal [DOI]
- 24 Soil organic matter distribution and microaggregate characteristics as affected by agricultural management and earthworm activity [DOI]
- 25 Chemical and physical properties of earthworm casts as compared to bulk soil under a range of different land-use systems in Vietnam [DOI]
- 26 Soil Invertebrates as Bioindicators of Human Disturbance [DOI]
- 27 The role of macrofauna in the transformation and reversibility of soil structure of an oxisol in the process of forest to pasture conversion [DOI]
- 28 Earthworm Invasion, Fine-root Distributions, and Soil Respiration in North Temperate Forests [DOI]
- 29 Earthworms ( Lumbricus terrestris ) affect plant seedling recruitment and microhabitat heterogeneity [DOI]
- 30 Earthworms as drivers of the competition between grasses and legumes [DOI]
- 31 Effect of earthworm addition on soil nitrogen availability, microbial biomass and litter decomposition in mesocosms [DOI]
- 32 Vertical seed dispersal by earthworms: a quantitative approach [DOI]
- 33 Large-Scale Effects of Earthworms on Soil Organic Matter and Nutrient Dynamics [DOI]
- 34 The importance of field boundaries for earthworms (Lumbricidae) in the Swedish agricultural landscape [DOI]
- 35 Variable selection in near infrared spectra for the biological characterization of soil and earthworm casts [DOI]
- 36 Evaluating mustard extracts for earthworm sampling [DOI]
- 37 Long-term land-use effects on soil invertebrate communities in Southern Piedmont soils, USA [DOI]
- 38 The influence of mineral and organic fertilisers on the growth of the endogeic earthworm Octolasion tyrtaeum (Savigny) [DOI]
- 39 Biological Approaches to Global Environment Change Mitigation and Remediation [DOI]
- 40 Seed dispersion by surface casting activities of earthworms in Colombian grasslands [DOI]
- 41 Root growth dynamics of spring cereals with discontinuation of mouldboard ploughing [DOI]
- 42 Earthworms (Eisenia foetida, Savigny) mucus as complexing ligand for imidacloprid [DOI]
- 43 Influence of agricultural intensification on the earthworm community in arable farmland in the North China Plain [DOI]
- 44 Pasture and grazing land: assessment of sustainability using invertebrate bioindicators [DOI]
- 45 Management and soil biology.
- 46 Population dynamics of earthworms during crop rotation under rainfed agriculture in central Himalayas, India [DOI]
- 47 Some environmental factors affecting earthworm populations and sweeet potato production in the Tari Basin, Papua New Guinea Highlands.
- 48 Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in soil
- 49 Sustaining biodiversity and ecosystem services in soils and sediments [DOI]
- 50 Effects of irrigation, effluent dispersal and organic farming on earthworms and soil microbes in New Zealand dairy farms
- 51 Organisms as Ecosystem Engineers [DOI]
- 52 Agricultural sustainability: concepts, principles and evidence [DOI]
- 53 A review of earthworm impact on soil function and ecosystem services [DOI]
- 54 Soil health in agricultural systems [DOI]
- 55 A framework for classifying and quantifying the natural capital and ecosystem services of soils [DOI]
- 56 Soil organic matter stratification ratio as an indicator of soil quality [DOI]
- 57 Agroecology: The Science Of Sustainable Agriculture, Second Edition
- 58 Soil invertebrates as ecosystem engineers: Intended and accidental effects on soil and feedback loops [DOI]
- 59 Fundamentals of Soil Ecology [DOI]
- 60 The biology of soil : a community and ecosystem approach.
- 61 Soil biodiversity and carbon cycling: a review and synthesis of studies examining diversity–function relationships [DOI]
- 62 Green Manure Approaches to Crop Production: A Synthesis [DOI]
- 63 As the Worm Turns: The Earthworm Gut as a Transient Habitat for Soil Microbial Biomes [DOI]
- 64 Arthropods And Other Invertebrates In Conservation-Tillage Agriculture [DOI]
- 65 Effects of earthworms on plant growth: patterns and perspectives [DOI]
- 66 Approaches to assess the environmental impact of organic farming with particular regard to Denmark [DOI]
- 67 The Earthworm Gut: an Ideal Habitat for Ingested N2O-Producing Microorganisms [DOI]
- 68 Effects of European Earthworm Invasion on Soil Characteristics in Northern Hardwood Forests of Minnesota, USA [DOI]
- 69 Influence of exotic earthworm invasion on soil organic matter, microbial biomass and denitrification potential in forest soils of the northeastern United States [DOI]
- 70 Earthworms change the distribution and availability of phosphorous in organic substrates [DOI]
- 71 Long-term effect of a legume cover crop (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis) on the communities of soil macrofauna and nematofauna, under maize cultivation, in southern Benin [DOI]
- 72 Effects of earthworms on soil structure and physical processes
- 73 Earthworm collection from agricultural fields: Comparisons of selected expellants in presence/absence of hand-sorting [DOI]
- 74 Intensification of New Zealand agriculture: Implications for biodiversity [DOI]
- 75 Effects of Exotic Earthworms on Soil Phosphorus Cycling in Two Broadleaf Temperate Forests [DOI]
- 76 Diversity and distribution of endemic and exotic earthworms in natural and regenerating ecosystems in the central Himalayas, India [DOI]
- 77 Appraisal of the electrical octet method for estimating earthworm populations in arable land [DOI]
- 78 Soil structure changes induced by the tropical earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus and organic inputs in a Peruvian ultisol [DOI]
- 79 Decreasing fallow duration in tropical slash-and-burn agriculture alters soil macroinvertebrate diversity: A case study in southern French Guiana [DOI]
- 80 Influence of summer irrigation on soil invertebrate populations in a long‐term sheep irrigation trial at Winchmore (Canterbury) [DOI]
- 81 The Influence of Arthropods and Earthworms upon Root Growth of Direct Drilled Cereals [DOI]
- 82 Quantifying surface and subsurface cast production by earthworms under controlled laboratory conditions [DOI]
- 83 Characteristics of macroporosity in a reduced tillage agroecosystem with manipulated earthworm populations: Implications for infiltration and nutrient transport [DOI]
- 84 Long-term effects of fertilisation regime on earthworm abundance in a semi-natural grassland area [DOI]
- 85 Effects of stock type, irrigation and effluent dispersal on earthworm species composition, densities and biomasses in New Zealand pastures [DOI]
- 86 Soil biota indicators for monitoring the Estonian agri-environmental programme [DOI]
- 87 Interactions between earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa), plants and crop residues for restoring properties of a degraded arable soil [DOI]
- 88 Effects of earthworm inoculation on soil organic matter dynamics of a cultivated ultisolThe 7th international symposium on earthworm ecology · Cardiff · Wales · 2002 [DOI]
- 89 Earthworm: potential bioindicator for monitoring diffuse pollution by agrochemical residues in Thailand
- 90 A guide to the study of soil ecology
- 91 Do I have the required soil bioengineers? [DOI]
Cited by 22
Fouzieh Beigmohammadi, Eisa Solgi, Behnam Asgari Lajayer · Microbial Inoculants · 2025
Radoslava Kanianska, Jana Jaďuďová, Jarmila Makovníková · Sustainability · 2016
Nilton Mashavakure, Bliss Gutukunhuwa, Arnold B. Mashingaidze · Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science · 2022
Fatihu Kabir Sadiq, Ojone Anyebe, Fatima Tanko · Soil Systems · 2025
Sixolise Mcinga, Alen Manyevere, P Mnkeni · South African Journal of Plant and Soil · 2020
Angel I. Ortiz-Ceballos, Rogelio Lara-González, María del Carmen Cuevas-Díaz · Agro Productividad · 2022
Bonface O. Manono, Jacinta M. Kimiti, Damaris K. Musyoka · Nitrogen · 2026
Kuan Liu, Mingming Sun, Mao Ye · Environmental Pollution · 2019
Bonface O. Manono, Zipporah Gichana · Earth · 2025
Ojone Anyebe, Fatihu Kabir Sadiq, Bonface Ombasa Manono · Nitrogen · 2025
Showing 10 of 22 known citations — external sources report more than can currently be individually listed.
Related research
- Production and Optimization of Fungal Silicase Using Rice Straw under Solid State Fermentation — shares topic coverage
- Microbiomes as Natural Allies: Towards Sustainable Farming Practices — shares topic coverage
- Impact of Organic Farming on Sustainable Agriculture System and Marketing Potential: A Review — shares topic coverage
- The Role of Organic Farming for Sustainable Agriculture: An Approach to Economic Integrity — shares topic coverage
- Growers Adaptation Strategic Alleviation of Climate Variability in Peri-Urban Agriculture for Food Security in Calabar – Nigeria — shares topic coverage
Article metrics
Real usage data collected on this platform.
73
Page views
0
PDF downloads
23
Outbound clicks
22
Citations
Views over time
Views by country
Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".
Traffic sources
Referring site, by host.
Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.