Advancing Mechanical and Electrical Installation Engineering through BIM Technology: Applications, Challenges and Future Directions

Abstract

Mechanical and electrical installation engineering encompasses the integrated construction of multiple specialties and systems, including water supply and drainage, HVAC, electrical systems, and others. The complex network of pipelines and high coordination demands pose significant challenges to traditional construction management. As building scales expand and functionalities become increasingly sophisticated, the design and construction difficulties of mechanical and electrical installations continue to escalate, rendering conventional two-dimensional design and management approaches inadequate to meet practical requirements. In this context, the adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology has become an imperative for enhancing the management level of mechanical and electrical installation engineering. By integrating data from design, construction, and operation and maintenance (O&M) stages through digital 3D models, BIM provides a holistic solution characterized by visualization, parametrization, and collaboration. This study employs a combined methodology of case study analysis and literature review. Subsequently, it systematically examines the specific applications of BIM across the design, construction, and O&M phases. Using a large-scale commercial complex project as an example, the study details the effectiveness of BIM in comprehensive pipeline optimization, schedule control, cost management, and quality control, demonstrating a 15% reduction in material usage and a 30% decrease in design changes. Finally, it addresses current challenges in BIM implementation, such as inconsistent modeling standards, software compatibility issues, and a shortage of skilled professionals, proposing corresponding corrective measures. The study also explores future research directions involving the integration of BIM with technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and digital twins. The findings indicate that the scientific application of BIM technology can significantly improve the design quality and construction efficiency of mechanical and electrical installation projects, providing crucial support for achieving higher levels of refined management and intelligent operation and maintenance in the field of mechanical and electrical engineering.