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Acute and Subchronic Toxicities of the Aqueous Extract of the Hymenocardia acida (Euphorbiaceae) Roots in Rodents

Séverin Koffi, Tianga Yaya Soro, Kouassi Emile Bégbin, Georges Abizi, Magne Elisabeth Ahebié, Kouakou John Kouadio, N’Guessan Ernest Zougrou, Koffi Kouakou

European Journal of Medicinal Plants · pp. 39–48 · Published 12 Jan 2022

10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i130444

Abstract

The roots of Hymenocardia acida are used in traditional African medicine to treat mainly erectile dysfunction. This study aims to evaluate the lethal and sub-lethal toxicities of the aqueous extract of Hymenocardia acida roots in in two rodents species, namely Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus. The acute intraperitoneal and oral toxicities of the extract were determined by the method of Miller and Tainter. Subchronic oral toxicity with doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight was assessed according to the slightly modified OECD 408 method. The results showed that the 50% intraperitoneal lethal dose was 223.87 mg/kg body weight in mice. In addition, the 50% oral lethal dose in mice was greater than 12,000 mg/kg body weight. In the subchronic study, the extract induced a significant (P < .001) increase in white blood cell count at 1000 mg/kg body weight after 60 days of treatment. From the thirtieth day of treatment onwards, the extract induced a significant (P < .05) reduction in blood glucose levels at the 500 mg/kg body weight dose and a significant (P < .05) increase in blood glucose levels at the 1000 mg/kg body weight dose. Aqueous extract of Hymenocardia acida roots is toxic by the intraperitoneal route and exerts a non-specific immunity action at high doses. It was harmless to rats at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/Kg of body weight.

Hymenocardia acida acute toxicity subchronic toxicity

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Cited by 2

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Macaranga heterophylla Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) in Sprague-Dawley rats

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