Abiotic Stress in Cut Flowers: Mechanisms, Effects and Management Strategies

Abstract

Cut flowers constitute a vital component of the global floriculture industry, contributing substantially to aesthetic enrichment, economic development and international trade. However, their production and postharvest quality are increasingly constrained by abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, temperature extremes, light fluctuations and heavy metal contamination. These stresses disrupt physiological, biochemical and molecular processes, adversely affecting flower initiation, pigment stability, vase life and overall market value. Understanding the complex mechanisms governing plant responses to environmental stresses is therefore crucial for maintaining quality and productivity in cut flower crops. This review comprehensively explores the physiological and biochemical responses of cut flowers to major abiotic stresses, emphasizing alterations in water relations, photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant defense and hormonal regulation. It also highlights the consequent impacts on floral development, morphology and postharvest performance. This review highlights recent advancements in mitigation strategies, including agronomic interventions, nanotechnology, biostimulant applications, microbial associations and genetic engineering approaches that enhance resilience and sustainability in floricultural systems. Integrating these conventional and modern technologies offers a promising framework for developing climate-resilient cultivars and ensuring a consistent year round flower supply under changing environmental conditions.