A Review on Freshwater Faunal Diversity Conservation in India and their Relationship with Plants: Status, Challenges and Future Directions

Abstract

Freshwater ecosystems in India harbor a rich diversity of faunal species, which play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem balance and providing ecosystem services. However, these ecosystems face numerous threats, including habitat destruction, pollution, invasive species, and climate change. Present study reviewed the status of freshwater faunal diversity conservation in India, with a focus on their relationship with plants. Data from various sources, including published literature, government reports, and field observations, were analyzed. It was found that India's freshwater faunal diversity is declining rapidly, with many species being threatened with extinction. Several challenges to conservation efforts were identified, including inadequate policy frameworks, insufficient funding, and a lack of public awareness. The importance of plant-fauna interactions in freshwater ecosystems was also highlighted, and it was emphasized that conserving these interactions is essential for maintaining ecosystem health. Based on the findings, several future directions for conservation efforts are recommended, including the development of effective policy frameworks, an increase in funding for conservation initiatives, and the implementation of education and outreach programs to raise public awareness about the importance of conserving freshwater faunal diversity.