A Comprehensive Review on Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis is an enduring inflammatory disease that is categorized by bumping off the joint and rigidity, bone and cartilage devastation all above the joints. It is an autoimmune disease or disease caused by factors like smoking, obesity, etc. Cytokines are the main inducers for rheumatoid arthritis which produce interleukin 1β and interleukin 6 factors that cause the devastation of synovium and cartilage present at the joints. The deformation of skeletal muscles is observed in an arthritic patient. The present review is a discussion on rheumatoid arthritis that includes etiology, pathology and pathogenesis, signs and symptoms, clinical complications, diagnosis, treatment, therapy, certain patents and applications. The patents include the development of numerous novel techniques for the management of rheumatoid arthritis and diseases associated with rheumatoid arthritis. The targets to treat rheumatoid arthritis are interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, sialoprotein I and several other factors. Different biomarkers are used for different types of rheumatoid arthritis and the mechanism also varies. Certain marketed formulations were enlisted. Recent trends in the management of rheumatoid arthritis are the main concern of this article.