Prevalence and Antibiogram of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Urine and Sputum Specimen in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered as the second leading cause of hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections globally and antibiotic resistance which has contributed to the high motality rate. This research focused on the isolation and antibiogram of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in urine and sputum specimen in Nasarawa State. From March to April 2024, a total of 210 urine and sputum samples were collected from one hospital in each of the three districts of Nasarawa State. Specimens were collected in sterile universal containers and cultured on MacConkey agar and cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar. The biochemical characterization of the isolates were done. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disk agar diffusion method. The study identified Klebsiella pneumoniae in 28 out of 210 samples, resulting in a prevalence rate of 13.3%. Specifically, 18 (15.0%) of the urine samples tested positive for Klebsiella pneumoniae, while 10 (11.1%) of the sputum samples were also positive. Among the patients, 10 (10.2%) males were infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae, whereas 89 (89.8%) males were not infected. In contrast, 18 (16.1%) females had Klebsiella pneumoniae infections, while 94 (83.9%) females did not. Patients aged 30-39 had the highest 10(16.1%) prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotics susceptibility testing showed meropenem, amikacin and gentamicin exhibited the highest sensitivity outcomes as compared to other antibiotics while Klebsiella pneumoniae were highly resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin. There were statistically significant difference in antibiotics resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates at 5% level of significance.