Street Vendors in Jammu District of Jammu and Kashmir Region: An Econometric Questionnaire Based Case Study

Abstract

Street vending forms a vital part of the informal economy, contributing significantly to livelihoods, particularly in urban and semi-urban areas. This study investigates the factors determining the profits of street vendors in the Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir. Drawing on a sample of 366 street vendors—comprising both native and migrant vendors—the study employs primary data collection methods and multiple regression analysis to explore economic, social, and operational variables influencing profitability. The study highlights the role of initial investment, daily sales, and the nature of goods sold as significant determinants of profits. Conversely, factors such as educational attainment and average working hours are found to have no substantial impact. Additionally, the study examines the emerging role of technology, finding that vendors utilizing online transactions tend to earn higher profits, underscoring the growing relevance of digital payments in informal markets. Challenges such as limited access to prime vending locations, competition, and lack of financial support are prevalent. The present study fills a critical gap in the literature by focusing on the street vending sector in Jammu, a region often overlooked in studies of urban informal economies. By providing insights into profitability drivers and challenges, the study offers valuable recommendations for policymakers and urban planners. These include facilitating access to vending spaces, promoting digital literacy, and providing microfinance options to support initial investments. The findings also emphasize the need for targeted interventions to ensure sustainable livelihoods for street vendors while integrating them more effectively into the urban economy.