Splenic Injury after Colonoscopy Requiring Splenectomy: A Case Report

Abstract

Colonoscopy is a commonly performed procedure with a low complication rate. Splenic injury is an exceptionally rare but potentially life-threatening complication that may be overlooked due to its nonspecific presentation. We report the case of a 66-year-old woman who presented acute abdominal pain 7 hours after undergoing a colonoscopy for moderate rectal bleeding. Physical examination revealed abdominal tenderness with hemodynamic stability. Laboratory tests showed a drop in hemoglobin level. An urgent Computed tomography scan demonstrated a hemoperitoneum, but no sign of splenic rupture. The patient was put under clinical and biological surveillance then underwent surgical intervention with splenectomy due to a drop of hemogloblin level and persistence of pain. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the patient was discharged in stable condition with appropriate vaccinations. Splenic injury following colonoscopy, although rare, should be suspected in patients presenting with abdominal pain, anemia, or hemodynamic instability after the procedure. Early diagnosis using CT imaging and timely management are essential to prevent adverse outcomes. Greater awareness of this complication can facilitate prompt recognition and improve patient prognosis.