Management Strategies for Cervical Cancer: An Overview of Current Approaches and Emerging Therapies

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer is a significant health concern among women, with treatment varying by disease stage. Early-stage cervical cancer is managed conservatively, while advanced stages require more proactive interventions. Preventive measures, including regular screening and HPV vaccination, are vital for reducing incidence and mortality. Methods: This review assesses cervical cancer management strategies, including surgical, radiological, and pharmacological approaches, based on literature and clinical trial data. Results: Radiation therapy effectively substitutes surgery for early-stage cervical cancer (FIGO stages IA1–IIA), with hysterectomy being common. Advanced stages (IIB–IVB) often involve combined chemotherapy and radiation. Routine screening with Pap smears and HPV DNA testing for women aged 21–65 aids early detection. HPV vaccines, such as Cervarix and Gardasil, have significantly reduced risk. Innovative therapies like bevacizumab, pembrolizumab, and tisotumab vedotin show promise in advanced cases despite potential side effects. Conclusion: Early detection, vaccination, and a multidisciplinary approach are key to improving cervical cancer outcomes.