A Comparative Study of Chemical and Natural Processing Methods for Bioplastic Production from Banana Peels

Abstract

Due to their non-biodegradable nature and long degradation time, conventional plastics are a major source of environmental pollution today. In this study, the production of biodegradable plastic from banana peel waste is explored as an abundant and renewable biomass resource. Both chemical and natural-based methods were employed to synthesize bioplastic films using banana peel mash mixed with additives like glycerol as plasticizer. Physical properties of the prepared films were characterized by water absorption, swelling, and solubility tests in multiple solvents. Chemical based bioplastic was found to be more fragile, while natural-based bioplastic exhibited higher water absorption and structural integrity was maintained. However, both the films were insoluble in water and other solvents used, which confirmed their potential durability and biodegradability. This research, however, concludes that both the bioplastic films produced may offer a sustainable and low-cost alternative to conventional petrochemical plastics. Among the two, natural-based bioplastic offers enhanced biodegradability and valorization of the wastes than the chemical-based bioplastic. These films have possible applications in packaging and carry bag manufacturing industries as the research findings support bioplastic research conducted globally to mitigate the plastic pollution problem.