A Review on Understanding the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Insect Pest

Abstract

In recent decades, remarkable progress in science and technology has fueled economic development and enhanced agricultural productivity. However, the rapid growth of the global population particularly since the 20th century has introduced significant challenges to environmental sustainability and food security. To meet the anticipated food demands by 2050, agriculture must substantially boost production, primarily through improved crop yields and better management practices, rather than expanding farmland. Climate change is evident in rising global temperatures, elevated atmospheric CO₂ levels, more frequent droughts, and unpredictable weather continues to impact crop yields both directly and indirectly. Among the most pressing indirect effects are alterations in insect pest behaviour, biology, population dynamics, and interactions with crops and their natural enemies. These shifts can result in more frequent pest outbreaks, posing a growing threat to crop productivity. This review examines the current and anticipated effects of climate change on insect pests, with particular attention to the roles of increased CO₂, temperature changes, and drought stress.