A Review on Animals Semen Characteristics: Fertility, Reproduction and Development

Abstract

In this research, the goal of review was summarizing the current knowledge of the methods available to assess in vitro quality of frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa also, a review on animal’s semen characteristics: fertility, reproduction and development after AI with that semen. Artificial insemination (AI) is the first generation reproductive biotechnology that has made a deep contribution to the genetics improvement in several animals. A fertile ejaculate must meet certain semen characteristics quality standards, such as: normal morphology, active energy metabolism, progressive motility, structural integrity and functionality of the membrane, penetration capacity and optimum transfer of genetic material. The percentage of total motile spermatozoa in normal canine ejaculates is between 70 to 90%. By the way, there are a lot of parameters that able to change on the composition and structure of various sperm plasma member domains, such as change temperature and sensitive to any theirs environments in vivo and vitro (tropical climates), season also nutrition. Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) is primarily used to obtain accurate and objective kinetic sperm measurements that gives extensive information about the kinetic property of the ejaculate based on measurements of the individual sperm cells.