Exploring the Role of Cannabis in Modulating Pathological Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract

Introduction: The use of cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa has shown promising effects in treating cognitive and behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. The endocannabinoid system may offer relevant neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: To investigate the effects of Cannabis sativa, particularly THC and CBD, on symptom management and disease progression in Alzheimer's, considering potential side effects. Methodology: An exploratory-descriptive biblioic research with a qualitative approach was conducted in databases such as LILACS, SciELO, and PubMed between 2013 and 2023. The study selection considered thematic relevance and publications in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. The analysis of the articles was guided by three key questions related to the study objectives. Results and Discussion: Studies indicated that the combination of THC and CBD can significantly reduce agitation and aggression in Alzheimer's patients. CBD demonstrated neuroprotective potential, attenuating neuroinflammation and β-amyloid plaque formation. However, the side effects of prolonged cannabinoid use, such as drug interactions and dependence, require further research. CBD stood out for its safety profile. Conclusion: Cannabis sativa is a promising alternative for Alzheimer's treatment, alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms and slowing disease progression. However, caution is necessary regarding long-term effects, with more studies essential to validate its safe use.