Understanding Rural Women’s Economic Role in Kwara State, Nigeria

Abstract

Women play a significant role in promoting and expanding entrepreneurship by exhibiting proactive abilities and expertise in business operations. It is particularly important for women, given their discrimination in the labour market. This study was carried out to understand rural women’s economic role in Kwara State, Nigeria, offering insights into their primary livelihood, factors that influence their participation in income-generating activities, the impact of these activities on household decision-making, and key participation constraints. A three-stage sampling technique was employed to select 120 female respondents, and data were collected using questionnaires. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Probit regression, Poisson distribution, and a 4-point Likert scale. Findings revealed that trading, particularly in agricultural produce, was the predominant income-generating activity, with respondents averaging 53 years of age and most households headed by men. Key factors influencing women’s participation in income-generating activities included age, marital status, household size, access to credit, and access to training and skills. Decision-making roles within households were significantly shaped by women’s education, household headship, participation in income-generating activities, and access to information and equipment. Major constraints identified were limited financial access, high start-up capital requirements, family influence, inadequate education, and insufficient business knowledge. Minor challenges included low self-confidence and gender-based favoritism. The study recommends the implementation of accessible and efficient credit programs, timely and adequate resource allocation, and the provision of education, training, and mentorship initiatives to empower rural women and enhance their participation in income-generating activities.