Frequencies of Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, and Chronic Kidney Disease among Coronary Artery Disease Patients: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) has emerged as a significant cause of both mortality and morbidity in both developing and developed nations. Among the various comorbidities associated with CAD patients, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are of notable concern. However, there is limited research-based information available regarding the prevalence of these conditions among individuals with coronary artery disease. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to assess the prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease among patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease. Methods: Conducted as a prospective observational study, the research took place in the Department of Cardiology at Sheikh Hasina Medical College, Tangail, Bangladesh, spanning from June 2020 to May 2021. The study included 63 patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease, selected through purposive sampling techniques. Demographic and clinical data were collected using a predefined questionnaire and processed using MS Office software. Results: Among the participants, the analysis revealed that 10% had hypertension, 7% had diabetes, and 6% had chronic kidney disease as standalone conditions. Additionally, comorbidities such as hypertension with diabetes, hypertension with CKD, and diabetes with CKD were present in 11%, 8%, and 6% cases, respectively. Furthermore, 5% of participants exhibited all three conditions (hypertension, diabetes, and CKD), while 47% did not have any of these comorbidities. Conclusion: Hypertension has become the most common accompanying health condition among patients with coronary artery disease when examined separately.More than half of the CAD patients exhibited one or more of the comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or CKD.