Phytotherapy of Anaemia in Individuals Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: An Ethnobotanical Survey in Lower Casamance and Sine-Saloum in Senegal

Abstract

Background: Anaemia is a common opportunistic disease in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality in resource-limited countries. Aim: The aim of this ethnobotanical study was to identify medicinal plants used in the treatment of HIV-associated anaemia in Lower Casamance and Sine-Saloum (Fatick and Kaolack regions), two areas with high seroprevalence. Methods: we carried out an ethnobotanical survey using 76 questionnaire  during the period of february to march 2023. In addition, the information sought included the age of the participants, the name of the plant family, the number of times the plants were mentioned, the part used and the method of use. Results: A field survey was conducted among 76 interviewees (traditional practitioners, herbalists and traditional knowledge holders) selected for their recognition within their communities. Data were collected through structured interviews designed by the Pharmacognosy Laboratory of Cheikh Anta Diop University (Dakar). The results showed that Pterocarpus erinaceus, Khaya senegalensis, and Ximenia americana were the most frequently cited (46.7% in Casamance; 34.8% in Sine-Saloum). Leaves and roots were the most commonly used parts, mainly prepared as infusions, macerations, or fresh plant juices. Conclusion: This ethnobotanical study is a first step in identifying local medicinal plants used to treat anaemia in people living with HIV in Senegal. As anaemia is often inflammatory in nature in this context, plants with anti-inflammatory properties could be of particular therapeutic interest. Analysis of this knowledge has shown that several of the listed plants promoted anti-anemia activity and could become the basis for in-depth scientific investigations.